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Douglas DC-1
The Douglas DC-1 was the first model of the famous United States DC (Douglas Commercial) commercial transport aircraft series. Although only one example of the DC-1 was produced, the design was the basis for the DC-2 and DC-3.
==Design and development==
Development of the DC-1 can be traced back to the 1931 crash of TWA Flight 599, which was caused by a Fokker F.10 Trimotor airliner suffering a structural failure of one of its wings, probably due to water which had over time seeped between the layers of the wood laminate and dissolved the glue holding the layers together. Following the accident, the Aeronautics Branch of the U.S. Department of Commerce placed stringent restrictions on the use of wooden wings on passenger airliners.〔Friedman and Friedman ''Aeroplane Monthly'' May 2001, pp. 34–40.〕〔O'Leary ''Aeroplane Monthly'' February 2007, p. 71.〕 Boeing developed an answer, the 247, a twin-engined all-metal monoplane with a retractable undercarriage, but their production capacity was reserved to meet the needs of United Airlines, part of United Aircraft and Transport Corporation which also owned Boeing. TWA needed a similar aircraft to respond to competition from the Boeing 247 and they asked five manufacturers to bid for construction of a three-engined, 12-seat aircraft of all-metal construction, capable of flying 1,080 mi (1,740 km) at 150 mph (242 km/h). The most demanding part of the specification was that the airliner would have to be capable of safely taking off from any airport on TWA's main routes (and in particular Albuquerque, at high altitude and with severe summer temperatures) with one engine non-functioning.〔Francillon 1979, p. 166.〕〔Pearcy ''Air Enthusiast'' 1982, p. 60.〕
Donald Douglas was initially reluctant to participate in the invitation from TWA. He doubted that there would be a market for 100 aircraft, the number of sales necessary to cover development costs. Nevertheless, he submitted a design consisting of an all-metal, low-wing, twin-engined aircraft seating 12 passengers, a crew of two and a flight attendant. The aircraft exceeded the specifications of TWA even with two engines, principally through the use of controllable pitch propellers.〔Smith (1998), p. 10〕 It was insulated against noise, heated, and fully capable of both flying and performing a controlled takeoff or landing on one engine.
Don Douglas stated in a 1935 article on the DC-2 that the first DC-1 cost $325,000 to design and build.〔("Douglas Tells Secrets of Speed" ), ''Popular Mechanics'', February 1935.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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